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Wu, H., Jing, Z., Tang, X., Wang, X., Zhang, S., Yu, Y., Wang, Z., Cao, H., Huang, L., Yu, Y., and Wang, Y. To compare the efficacy of two kinds of Zhizhu pills in the treatment of functional dyspepsia of spleen-deficiency and qi-stagnation syndrome: a randomized group sequential comparative trial. BMC.Gastroenterol ;11:81. View abstract.
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Abbaspoor Z, Sharifipour F, Siahposh A, Nazaralivand R, Mohaghegh Z, Faal Siahkal S. Effects of Aromatherapy With Citrus Aurantium Lavender on Sexual Function of Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Family Reprod Health ;16(2):147-154. View abstract.
Abbaspoor Z, Siahposh A, Javadifar N, Faal Siahkal S, Mohaghegh Z, Sharifipour F. The Effect of Citrus Aurantium Aroma on the Sleep Quality in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery ;10(2):86-95. View abstract.
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Heydari N, Abootalebi M, Jamalimoghadam N, Kasraeian M, Emamghoreishi M, Akbarzadeh M. Investigation of the effect of aromatherapy with Citrus aurantium blossom essential oil on premenstrual syndrome in university students: A clinical trial study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. ;32:1-5. View abstract.
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Karimzadeh Z, Azizzadeh Forouzi M, Rahiminezhad E, Ahmadinejad M, Dehghan M. The Effects of Lavender and Citrus aurantium on Anxiety and Agitation of the Conscious Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Parallel Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Biomed Res Int ;:. View abstract.
Karimzadeh Z, Azizzadeh Forouzi M, Tajadini H, Ahmadinejad M, Roy C, Dehghan M. Effects of lavender and Citrus aurantium on pain of conscious intensive care unit patients: a parallel randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Integr Med :S-(21)-6. Online ahead of print. View abstract.
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McLester CN, Bailey P, Bechke EE, Williamson CM, McLester JR, Kliszczewicz B. The Effects of Caffeine and Citrus Aurantium on Performance During Repeated Maximal Anaerobic Exercise Bouts in Habitual Caffeine Users. J Strength Cond Res. Sep 2. View abstract.
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Mohammadi F, Moradi M, Niazi A, Jamali J. The Impact of Aromatherapy with Citrus Aurantium Essential Oil on Sleep Quality in Pregnant Women with Sleep Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery ;10(3):160-171.View abstract.
Moradi K, Ashtarian H, Danzima NY, et al. Essential oil from Citrus aurantium alleviates anxiety of patients undergoing coronary angiography: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Chin J Integr Med ;27(3):177-82. View abstract.
Moslemi F, Alijaniha F, Naseri M, Kazemnejad A, Charkhkar M, Heidari MR. Citrus aurantium Aroma for Anxiety in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Altern Complement Med. Aug;25(8):833-839. View abstract.
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Sour orange is an evergreen tree in the Rutaceae family that grows up to 30 feet tall in a tropical, sub-tropical habitat. The fruit is inedible as it is very bitter but is essential in making marmalades and liquors such as Triple Sec. It is native to southeastern Asia and has been carried and cultivated throughout the tropical regions of the world. Its name comes from the Latin noun aurantium, meaning "of orange." It has smooth, brown bark with thorns. In cooler zones it can be grown in a container that can be overwintered indoors.
Plant sour orange in full sun, with moist but not overly wet soil. Water regularly, allowing the soil time to dry out between watering. It does well in medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils with a pH of 5 - 8 but it can grow in very alkaline soils also. Care should be taken in its location as it is moderately frost-tender but can survive short freezes. It must get early morning sunlight during the growing season, which is in late winter and early spring, so new, tender branches don't freeze. The tree propagates readily from seed.
The sour orange became more widely grown as a rootstock for other citrus varieties than for its fruit because of its disease resistance and greater hardiness. But the tree still provides many medicinal benefits and commercial uses for the fruit, flowers, and peel.
Plant outside for year-round enjoyment in the proper hardiness zone or put in a planter for movement inside when the weather turns cold. Sour orange dislikes root disturbance so it should be placed in its permanent location outside when young. If growing them in pots, great care must be taken when moving them to larger containers.
Insects, Diseases and Other Plant Problems: Anthracnose is sometimes seen. Overwatering may cause fungal infections or root rot and the tree to decline in fruit production.
The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common citrus insect and related pests.
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