Urban myths have linked it to cancer , skin irritation , and more. Science may tell a different story.
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Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is one of the ingredients you'll find listed on your shampoo bottle. However, unless you're a chemist, you likely don't know what it is. The chemical is found in many cleaning and beauty products, but it's frequently misunderstood.
SLS can be found in both beauty and cleaning products. Research suggests concentrations of one percent or less are safe on your skin.
Sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) is a surfactant with a similar chemical formula. However, SLES is milder and less irritating than SLS.
Most concerns about SLS stem from the fact that it can be found in beauty and self-care products as well as in household cleaners.
SLS is what's known as a 'surfactant.' This means it lowers the surface tension between ingredients, which is why it's used as a cleansing and foaming agent.
SLS is also used as a food additive , usually as an emulsifier or a thickener. It can be found in dried egg products, some marshmallow products, and certain dry beverage bases.
You'll notice that all of these products are topical, or applied directly to the skin or body.
If you look under your bathroom sink, or on the shelf in your shower, it's very likely you'll find SLS in your home. It's used in a variety of products, including:
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regards SLS as safe as a food additive.
Regarding its use in cosmetics and body products, the safety assessment study of SLS, published in in the International Journal of Toxicology (the most recent assessment), found that it's not harmful if used briefly and rinsed from the skin, as with shampoos and soaps.
The report says that products that stay on the skin longer shouldn't exceed 1 percent concentration of SLS.
However, the same assessment did suggest some possible, albeit minimal, risk to humans using SLS. For example, some tests found that continuous skin exposure to SLS could cause mild to moderate irritation in animals.
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Nevertheless, the assessment concluded that SLS is safe in formulations used in cosmetics and personal care products. Because many of these products are designed to be rinsed off after short applications, the risks are minimal.
According to most research, SLS is an irritant but not a carcinogen. Studies have shown no link between the use of SLS and increased cancer risk.
According to a study, SLS is safe for use in household cleaning products.
Sodium laureth sulfate (sometimes referred to as
SLES
) is used in cosmetics as a detergent and also to make products bubble and foam. It is common in shampoos, shower gels and facial cleansers. It is also found in household cleaning products, like dish soap.Sodium laureth sulfate (sometimes referred to as) is used in cosmetics as a detergent and also to make products bubble and foam. It is common in shampoos, shower gels and facial cleansers. It is also found in household cleaning products, like dish soap.
Depending on manufacturing processes, sodium laureth sulfate may be contaminated with measurable amounts of ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane. i The International Agency for Research on Cancer ethylene oxide as a known human carcinogen and 1,4-dioxane as a possible human carcinogen. Ethylene oxide can also harm the nervous system iiand the California Environmental Protection Agency has classified it as a possible developmental toxicant based on evidence that it may interfere with human development. iii 1,4-dioxane is also persistent. In other words, it doesn't easily degrade and can remain in the environment long after it is rinsed down the shower drain. 1,4-dioxane can be removed from cosmetics during the manufacturing process by vacuum stripping, but there is no easy way for consumers to know whether products containing sodium laureth sulfate have undergone this process. iv
The industry panel that reviews the safety of cosmetics ingredients notes that sodium laureth sulfate can irritate the skin and eyes (though approving of its use in cosmetics). v
Ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane are prohibited on Health Canada's Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist. However, the Hotlist does not control for the presence of these chemicals as contaminants. 1,4-dioxane was recently assessed under the government's Chemicals Management Plan but Health Canada and Environment Canada concluded that the chemical did not meet the legal definition of 'toxic' because estimated exposure levels were considered to be lower than those that might constitute a danger to human health. The assessment noted uncertainty in the exposure estimates 'due to the limited information on the presence or concentrations of the substance in consumer products available in Canada.' vi
Health Canada has categorized sodium laureth sulfate as a 'moderate human health priority' and flagged it for future assessment under the government's Chemicals Management Plan.
Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), a related detergent used in cosmetics, is a skin, eye and respiratory tract irritant and toxic to aquatic organisms. vii
Other ethoxylates may be contaminated with ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane. These ingredients usually have chemical names including the letters 'eth' (e.g., sodium laureth sulfate).
i Black RE, Hurley FJ, and Havery DC. 'Occurrence of 1,4-dioxane in cosmetic raw materials and finished cosmetic products.' Int J PharJ AOAC Int. 84, 3 (May-Jun ):666-70.
ii Brashear, A. et al. 'Ethylene oxide neurotoxicity: a cluster of 12 nurses with peripheral and central nervous system toxicity.' _Neurology _46, 4 (Apr ):992-8.
iii California. EPA. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. _Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity. _February 5, .https://www.oehha.org/prop65/prop65_list/files/P65single.pdf
iv Environmental Health Association of Nova Scotia. _Guide to Less Toxic Products._Halifax: EHANS, . https://www.lesstoxicguide.ca/index.asp?fetch=personal#commo.
v CIR. Alert for Sodium Laureth Sulfide and Sodium Lauryl Sulfide. https://www.cir-safety.org/staff_files/alerts.pdf(viewed Mar 17, )
vi Environment Canada and Health Canada. Screening Assessment for the Challenge: 1,4-Dioxane. March . https://www.ec.gc.ca/substances/ese/eng/challenge/batch7/batch7_123-91-1.cfm
vii WHO. ILO. International Chemical Safety Card for Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (ICSC ). Aug . https://www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc05/icsc.htm
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