Horny goat weed is a low growing plant with leathery leaves found in wetlands in many areas of the world, extracts of which have been used in traditional medicine as a tonic, aphrodisiac and antirheumatic agent. Oral forms of horny goat weed have been not been linked to serum aminotransferase elevations or to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.
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Horny goat weed is a member of the genus Epimedium, a low growing perennial plant found throughout Asia, and parts of Europe and Africa, which has been used in traditional medicine for centuries as a tonic, aphrodisiac and antirheumatic agent. Extracts of the leaves and stems of horny goat weed are purported to have activity in improving sexual dysfunction, menstrual irregularities, osteoporosis, asthma, nephritis and cardiovascular disease. Over 200 chemical constituents have been identified in the plant, among which are flavonoids, lignans, ionones, phenol glycosides and sesquiterpenes. The active ingredients that have antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral and hepatoprotective activities are believed to be flavonoids, such as icariin, icaritin or epimedin. Clinical studies of extracts of Epimedium have shown promising effects in the treatment of high blood pressure, coronary artery disease and sexual satisfaction, but these effects have not been proven in rigorous prospective controlled trials. Horny goat weed is available in multiple forms in tablets and capsules of 250 or 500 mg, the usual dose being one tablet or capsule daily. Horny goat weed is often combined with other botanicals, the combinations dictated by the purported use. Horny goat weed is generally well tolerated without adverse events; minor side effects may include abdominal discomfort and nausea. Rare instances of hypersensitivity reactions, skin rash and allergic dermatitis have been described.
In small clinical trials of horny goat weed, serum enzyme elevations and episodes of acute liver injury have not been reported. There have, however, been rare reports of liver injury in patients taking multi-ingredient products that contain epimedium, although the attribution of injury to horny goat weed has not always been very clear. In large registries and case series on drug and herbal product induced liver injury, horny goat weed has not been listed. Furthermore, cases of severe clinically apparent liver injury has not been reported with horny goat weed.
Likelihood score: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury).
Horny goat weed has several hundred chemical constituents, none of which has been shown to be particularly toxic or to cause liver injury.
Other names: Bishop's hat, fairy wings, rowdy lamb herb, barrenwort, Yin Yang Huo
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Drug Class: Herbal and Dietary Supplements
Epimedium grows abundantly in its native, mountainous regions of China. One of its common names, horny goat weed, stems from an ancient legend that a herder discovered its properties by observing the fertility of his goats after grazing on the herb. Our horny goat weed powder is milled from Epimedium grandiflorum leaves. Epimedium powder can be encapsulated, extracted, and infused.
Epimedium is an ivy-like ground shrub of the higher and drier areas of China and Tibet. It is in the same plant family as barberry and Oregon grape, and its first recorded use is circa 200 B.C.E. in China. The name of the herb in Mandarin, yin yang huo, roughly corresponds to "weed for licentious goat." Legend has it that a goat herder discovered the properties of epimedium by observing his billy goats' uncontrollable sexual appetites after they grazed on the herb.
Precautions
No known precautions. We recommend that you consult with a qualified healthcare practitioner before using herbal products, particularly if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.
This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. For educational purposes only.