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Cellulose ether used as emulsifier or thickening agent to disperse colloids in water
"HPMC" redirects here. For other uses, see HPMC (disambiguation)
Chemical compound
Hypromellose (INN), short for hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), is a semisynthetic, inert, viscoelastic polymer used in eye drops, as well as an excipient and controlled-delivery component in oral medicaments, found in a variety of commercial products.[1][2]
As a food additive, hypromellose is an emulsifier, thickening and suspending agent, and an alternative to animal gelatin.[3] Its Codex Alimentarius code (E number) is E464.
Chemistry
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Hypromellose is a solid, and is a slightly off-white to beige powder in appearance and may be formed into granules. The compound forms colloids when dissolved in water. This non-toxic ingredient is combustible and can react vigorously with oxidizing agents.[4]
Hypromellose in an aqueous solution, like methylcellulose, exhibits a thermal gelation property. That is, when the solution heats up to a critical temperature, the solution congeals into a non-flowable but semi-flexible mass. Typically, this critical (congealing) temperature is inversely related to both the solution concentration of HPMC and the concentration of the methoxy group within the HPMC molecule (which in turn depends on both the degree of substitution of the methoxy group and the molar substitution). That is, the higher the concentration of the methoxy group, the lower the critical temperature. The inflexibility/viscosity of the resulting mass, however, is directly related to the concentration of the methoxy group (the higher the concentration is, the more viscous or less flexible the resulting mass is)[citation needed].
Uses
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There are many fields of application for hypromellose, including:[5]
Tile adhesives
Cement renders
Gypsum products
Pharmaceutical
Paints and coatings
Food
Cosmetics
Detergents and cleaners
Eye drops
Contact lenses
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)[6]
Use in whole grain breads
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Agricultural Research Service scientists are investigating using the plant-derived HPMC as a substitute for gluten in making all-oat and other grain breads.[citation needed] Gluten, which is present in wheat, rye, and barley, is absent (or present only in trace quantities) in oat and other grains. Like gluten, HPMC can trap air bubbles formed by the yeast in bread dough, causing the bread to rise.
Use in construction materials
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HPMC is used primarily in construction materials like tile adhesives and renders[7] where it is used as a rheology modifier and water retention agent.
Functionally HPMC is very similar to HEMC (hydroxy ethyl methyl cellulose) Trade names include Methocel and Walocel. The global leading producer is now DuPont, formerly manufactured under Dow Wolff Cellulosics GmbH.[8]
Ophthalmic applications
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Hypromellose solutions were patented as a semisynthetic substitute for tear-film.[9] Its molecular structure is predicated upon a base celluloid compound that is highly water-soluble. Post-application, celluloid attributes of good water solubility reportedly aid in visual clarity. When applied, a hypromellose solution acts to swell and absorb water, thereby expanding the thickness of the tear-film. Hypromellose augmentation therefore results in extended lubricant time presence on the cornea, which theoretically results in decreased eye irritation, especially in dry climates, home, or work environments.[10] On a molecular level, this polymer contains beta-linked D-glucose units that remain metabolically intact for days to weeks. On a manufacturing note, since hypromellose is a vegetarian substitute for gelatin, it is slightly more expensive to produce due to semisynthetic manufacturing processes. Aside from its widespread commercial and retail availability over the counter in a variety of products, hypromellose 2% solution has been documented to be used during surgery to aid in corneal protection and during orbital surgery.
Excipient/tableting ingredient
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In addition to its use in ophthalmic liquids, hypromellose has been used as an excipient in oral tablet and capsule formulations, where, depending on the grade, it functions as controlled release agent to delay the release of a medicinal compound into the digestive tract.[11] It is also used as a binder[12] and as a component of tablet coatings.[13][14]
Test methods
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Various benchmark tests are used to qualify hypromellose:
Viscosity
Degree of substitution (DS)
Molar substitution (MS)
Salt content
Moisture
Viscosity test methods
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Because hypromellose solution is a non-newtonian solution and exhibits pseudoplastic, more specifically, thixotropic behavior, various test methods are available, and the results of different methods and viscosimeters do not necessarily correspond to each other. Also, due to viscometer acceptable ranges of error, viscosity is typically given as a mean, or as a range. Typical viscosity test will specify the following:
Solution concentration (1%, 2%, 1.9% bone dry, etc.)
Viscometer (RheoSense m-VROC and microVISC, Brookfield LV or RV, Höppler falling ball, Haake Rotovisco, etc.)
Viscometer spindle number (1 ~ 4 for Brookfield LV, 1 ~ 7 for Brookfield RV, etc.)
Solution Temperature (20 °C, 25 °C, etc.)
Degree of substitution
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Degree of substitution is the average level of methoxy substitution on the cellulose chain. Since there are maximum three possible sites of substitution with each cellulose molecule, this average value is a real number between 0 and 3. However, degree of substitution is often expressed in percentages.
Molar substitution
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Molar substitution is the average level of hydroxypropoxy substitution on the cellulose chain. Since hydroxypropoxy base can be attached to each other on side chains and does not each require a base substitution site on the cellulose molecule, this number can be higher than 3. However, molar substitution is also often expressed in percentages.
Moisture
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Since all cellulose ethers are hygroscopic, they will absorb moisture from surroundings if left exposed from original packaging. Thus, moisture must be tested and weight corrected to ensure adequate amount of dry active material are apportioned for usage. Moisture is tested by weighing a sample of X grams on an analytic scale, and drying the sample in an oven at 105 °C for 2 hours, then weighing the sample again on the same scale.
See also
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References
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Have you ever heard of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose? If you haven&#;t, you&#;re not alone. This synthetic polymer is not something that most people know about. But that doesn&#;t mean it isn&#;t important. Indeed, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose is found in a wide range of products, including food and pharmaceuticals. In this post, we&#;ll take a closer look at this fascinating substance and learn more about its many uses.
About Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose :
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is a type of cellulose that has been modified with hydroxyl groups and methyl groups. It is commonly used as a food additive and as a thickening agent in many products, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and construction materials.
HPMC is derived from cellulose, which is a naturally occurring polymer. Cellulose is the main component of plant cell walls and is also found in some algae and bacteria. HPMC is made by treating cellulose with propylene oxide and methyl chloride. This process replaces some of the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose molecules with methyl groups.
HPMC is a white, powdery substance that is soluble in water and other solvents. It is used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer in many products. It is also used as a binder in tablet manufacturing and as a film-forming agent in cosmetics.
Uses of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is a white, odorless, tasteless powder that is derived from cellulose. It is a non-ionic, water-soluble polymer that can be used as a thickening, dispersing, emulsifying, binding, film-forming, and gel-forming agent. HPMC is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries.
Some of the most common uses for HPMC are:
Thickening agent: HPMC can be used to thicken sauces, gravies, and soups. It can also be used as a binder in tablets and capsules.
Dispersing agent: HPMC can be used to disperse pigments in paints and inks. It can also be used to disperse fillers in paper products.
Emulsifying agent: HPMC can be used to emulsify oils and fats. This allows for the creation of products such as creams, lotions, and shampoos.
Binding agent: HPMC can be used to bind together ingredients in tablets and capsules. It can also be used as a binding agent in paper products.
Film-forming agent: HPMC can be used to create films and coatings. This allows for the creation of products such as food wrappers and pharmaceutical tablets.
Gel-forming agent: HPMC can be used to create gels. This allows for the creation of products such as hair gels and hand sanitizers.
How is Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose produced?
The production process for Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose involves the esterification of cellulose with propylene oxide followed by hydrolysis and neutralization. The following steps are involved in this process:
Cellulose is mixed with a suitable solvent (water or alcohol) at room temperature to form an aqueous suspension of fine particles of cellulose fibers or pulp; and
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Propylene oxide is added to the suspension;
The suspension is agitated until all of the propylene oxide has been added;
Under vacuum conditions, the mixture is heated to between 50 and 80 degrees Celsius for several hours until all of the water has been removed.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is then precipitated out of solution by adding an excess amount of water to the mixture (to supersaturate), which causes it to solidify into crystals that can be separated from the solution by centrifugation.
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose was first discovered in the s by scientists at Dow Chemical Company. They were looking for a substance that would be able to bind the ingredients inside of medicine capsules together without breaking down too quickly. Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose worked perfectly for this purpose!
Nowadays, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose is used in many different kinds of products besides medicine capsules.
Pros :
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose has several benefits, including:
It&#;s an excellent thickener. It can be used to thicken liquids, so it&#;s often used in shampoo, conditioner, and other hair care products. It&#;s also used in lotions and creams, as well as makeup.
The HPMC is very stable. It doesn&#;t break down easily, so it can be used in products that have a long shelf life. This includes both food and cosmetics.
HPMC is also very versatile. It can be used in products that need to be clear, or it can be used to add opacity. This makes it ideal for use in things like shampoo, conditioner, and even sunscreen.
HPMC is completely natural. It&#;s derived from plants, and it&#;s completely biodegradable. Hence it is an eco-friendly choice.
It helps keep food fresh longer by creating a protective coating on the surface of the product.
It improves the texture of products like yogurt or ice cream, making them more creamy and smooth than they would be without having HPMC added to them.
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose has been shown to reduce cholesterol levels by lowering LDL (bad) cholesterol levels while raising HDL (good) cholesterol levels.
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose is a water-soluble fiber that can be turned into a thick gel when mixed with water. This makes it ideal for use in foods such as yogurt and ice cream, as it prevents them from separating or clumping together.
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose can help protect against heart disease by controlling blood pressure and improving circulation so that your heart doesn&#;t have to work as hard to pump blood throughout your body.
So, if you&#;re looking for an ingredient that is safe, effective, and eco-friendly, then you should definitely consider Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose.
Cons :
There are a few potential disadvantages to HPMC.
HPMC is derived from cellulose, which is a natural polymer. As a result, HPMC can be hydrolyzed by enzymes, bacteria, and other microorganisms.
Some surfactants and other ingredients make HPMC incompatible with others.
HPMC can be difficult to remove from formulations.
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose is not very environmentally friendly because it requires a lot of energy to produce.
It can irritate you if it gets into your eyes or skin.
HPMC is a bit more expensive than other materials. While HPMC is a very effective adhesive, it can be hard to find at a reasonable cost in some places.
You might need a unique dispenser to work with this material. You may need to purchase one that is specifically designed for HPMC.
You may find that this adhesive makes your hands feel sticky or slippery after use. This will depend on how much you use and how long you need to wear gloves with this adhesive on them, but it&#;s something to keep in mind if you&#;re worried about slippage or stickiness when wearing gloves that have been coated in HPMC.
Despite these potential disadvantages, HPMC is a widely used and versatile ingredient.
FAQs :
What is the difference between carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose?
Cellulose is a crucial structural component of plants and is found in the cell walls of all plants. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two types of cellulose used in different industries.
They are used to thicken a variety of liquids. They have very similar properties but are also different in some ways. The differences between these polymers are what make them useful in various applications.
Carboxymethyl cellulose is commonly referred to as CMC, and it&#;s used in many industries, including the food industry and cosmetic industry. It&#;s used to make ice cream thick and creamy and to add body to conditioners, shampoos, and other hair products. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is also used in toothpaste and tooth whitening products because it increases viscosity without adding flavor or color.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is often called HPMC for short. This polymer is sometimes called &#;methodical&#; because it was originally developed by Dow Chemical Company under that name. Methocel has many applications, including adhesives for medical equipment (such as IV bags), paints, cosmetics (including eye shadow), pharmaceuticals (including suppositories), and gels (such as jelly).
There are a few key differences between CMC and HPMC. First, CMC is more soluble in water than HPMC. This means that CMC can be used in a wider range of products. Second, CMC has a lower molecular weight than HPMC. This means that CMC is less likely to cause gastrointestinal side effects when used in oral products.
Overall, CMC and HPMC are both useful derivatives of cellulose. CMC is more soluble in water and has a lower molecular weight, while HPMC is more resistant to degradation and has a higher molecular weight.
What are the factors affecting the transparency and viscosity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose?
HPMC is classified as cellulose ether and consists of randomly distributed hydroxyl and methoxy groups. The degree of substitution (DS) is the average number of hydroxyl or methoxy groups per glucose unit. The DS of HPMC is usually between 0.7 and 1.4. The molecular weight (MW) of HPMC ranges from 50,000 to 5 million Da.
The transparency of HPMC solutions is affected by the type of cellulose used to make the HPMC, the degree of substitution of the hydroxypropyl groups, and the molecular weight of the HPMC. The viscosity of HPMC solutions is affected by the degree of substitution of the hydroxypropyl groups, the molecular weight of the HPMC, the concentration of the solution, the temperature and other substances in the solution.
The type of cellulose used to make HPMC affects the transparency of HPMC solutions. The degree of substitution of the hydroxypropyl groups affects the transparency and the viscosity of HPMC solutions. The molecular weight of the HPMC affects the transparency and viscosity of HPMC solutions. The concentration of the HPMC solution affects the viscosity of the solution. The temperature of the HPMC solution affects the viscosity of the solution. The presence of other substances in the HPMC solution can affect the viscosity of the solution.
Will hydroxypropyl methylcellulose show up on a drug test?
If you&#;re wondering whether hydroxypropyl methylcellulose will show up on a drug test, the answer is probably not. This substance is not typically tested for on drug screens, and even if it were, it&#;s not likely to cause a positive result.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is a type of cellulose, which is a plant-based compound. It&#;s found in a variety of products, including food, cosmetics, and medication. It&#;s also used as a thickening or binding agent.
While hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is not likely to show up on a drug test, there are a few potential exceptions. If you&#;re taking a medication that contains this substance, the drug screen may test for it. Additionally, if you&#;re undergoing a hair follicle test, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose could potentially be detected.
In most cases, however, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose will not show up on a drug test. So if you&#;re using a product that contains this ingredient, you shouldn&#;t worry about it affecting your test results.
What is the condition for selecting the building additive hydroxypropyl methylcellulose?
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is a good option if you require an additive to raise the caliber of your construction projects. But how can you tell if it is the best option for your unique requirements? Here are four things to take into account when selecting an additive:
The intended use of the additive
The primary purposes of HPMC are as a binder, dispersant, or thickening. It can be used in many different contexts, such as building, adhesives, coatings, and sealants. Make sure the HPMC product you choose is intended for the particular application you have in mind.
The compatibility of the additive with other materials
HPMC is compatible with several materials, including cement, plaster, and stucco. It is also compatible with many different types of paint and coatings. However, it is vital to test the compatibility of HPMC with any other material you intend to use it with to ensure that there are no adverse reactions.
The physical and chemical properties of the additive
HPMC is a white, powdery substance that is soluble in water. It is not toxic and has a neutral pH. These properties make HPMC an ideal additive for many different applications.
The cost of the additive
When compared to other products on the market, HPMC is a reasonably priced addition. To get the best bargain, make sure to compare rates from several providers.
HPMC is a better alternative to consider when picking an additive for your construction projects. Keep these four criteria in mind when choosing the best product for your unique needs.
Conclusion :
The food additive, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, is secure and efficient. It is crucial to remember that the FDA regulates all food additives and that they must pass stringent safety tests before being permitted for use. You can always visit the FDA website for more information if you have any questions about the safety of food additives.
When it comes to building materials, mortar has to be mentioned. Mortar is vital in bonding bricks, stones and other masonry units together. The two most commonly used mortars are plaster mortar and cement mortar. These two types of mortars are suitable for applications in different scenarios and each has its advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages of plaster mortar
One-step construction
Plaster mortar has excellent construction properties. Plaster mortar has a smooth and delicate consistency that is easy to apply and mold. Plaster mortar is commonly used for many complex masonry projects, especially in some restoration projects, where it is easier to match to what is being restored.
More flexible masonry
Plaster mortar is flexible and can accommodate minor movement and settlement without compromising structural integrity. Don&#;t worry if minor cracks occur, the mortar can heal itself over time.
Easy and flexible to handle
Plaster mortar is very convenient to operate, after adding water and mixing evenly on site, it can be directly carried out, the operation is relatively convenient, and consumes less labor and materials. After construction, there is no need to cover the white specially, it can play a good decorative effect.
Good air permeability
Plaster mortar has good air permeability and can keep the room dry. The porous nature of plaster mortar allows moisture to evaporate from the walls and prevents moisture buildup. Plaster mortar is able to form tiny honeycomb-breathing holes during the hardening process, which can automatically absorb moisture when the indoor environment is humid.
Disadvantages of plaster mortar
Slow setting time
Plaster mortar has a slower setting time than cement mortar. Plaster mortar requires a longer curing time, which extends the whole construction time. If there is a tight schedule or bad weather, it may delay the project.
Poor compressive strength
The compressive strength of plaster mortar is lower than cement mortar. It may not be the best choice if we need to build a building structure with high load-bearing capacity.
Recommended reading: hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose for gypsum
Advantages of cement mortar
High compressive strength
The high compressive strength of cement mortar makes it a preferred material for load-bearing structures and foundations as it also offers better durability and weathering resistance.
Fast setting time
Cement mortar has a faster setting time than plaster mortar. This allows for faster construction schedules and is suitable for projects with short or imminent deadlines. It can also be adapted to different weather and is less affected by temperature fluctuations and humidity levels.
Good bonding properties
Cement mortar has excellent bonding capabilities, ensuring a strong and stable bond between masonry units. The integrity of the bond directly affects the overall stability of the building, making cement mortar the preferred choice for structural applications.
Disadvantages of cementitious mortars
Lack of flexibility
Cement mortar lacks flexibility compared to plaster mortar. Cement mortar is more prone to cracking and signs of damage due to structural movement. Over time, the structure may become damaged, resulting in high repair costs.
Less breathable
Cement mortar is less breathable than plaster mortar. Since cement mortar has fewer pores, it can accumulate moisture inside the walls, which can lead to mold growth if proper ventilation is not provided.
For more information, please visit Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose For Tile Adhesive.