Styrene-butadiene or styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) describe families of synthetic rubbers derived from styrene and butadiene. These materials have good abrasion resistance and good aging stability when protected by additives. In , more than 5.4 million tons of SBR were processed worldwide. About 50% of car tires are made from various types of SBR. The styrene/butadiene ratio influences the properties of the polymer: with high styrene content, the rubbers are harder and less rubbery. SBR is not to be confused with a thermoplastic elastomer made from the same monomers, styrene-butadiene block copolymer.
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SBR is a replacement for natural rubber. It was originally developed prior to World War II in Germany by chemist Walter Bock. Industrial manufacture began during World War 2, and was used extensively by the U.S. Synthetic Rubber Program to produce Government Rubber-Styrene (GR-S); to replace the Southeast Asian supply of natural rubber which, under Japanese occupation, was unavailable to Allied nations.
It is a commodity material which competes with natural rubber. The elastomer is used widely in pneumatic tires. This application mainly calls for E-SBR, although S-SBR is growing in popularity. Other uses include shoe heels and soles, gaskets, and even chewing gum.
Latex (emulsion) SBR is extensively used in coated papers, being one of the cheapest resins to bind pigmented coatings.
It is also used in building applications, as a sealing and binding agent behind renders as an alternative to PVA, but is more expensive. In the latter application, it offers better durability, reduced shrinkage and increased flexibility, as well as being resistant to emulsification in damp conditions.
SBR is often used as part of cement based sub-structural (basement) waterproofing systems where as a liquid it is mixed with water to form the Gauging solution for mixing the powdered Tanking material to slurry. SBR aids the bond strength, reduces the potential for shrinkage and adds an element of flexibility.
SBR when incorporated into cement mortar mixes, forms polymer modified system with interpenetrating polymer films which exhibits excellent adhesion, improved tensile, flexural and compressive strengths, excellent resistance to water, water vapor and improved chemical resistance.
When SBR modified mixes are used, it is essential that the following procedures are closely followed.
Remove all laitance, oil, grease, mold oil, curing compound etc. by using a wire brush. On larger floor areas, a scrubbing machine can also be used. Ensure that reinforcing steel is clean and free from grease or oil, remove scale and rust. While repairing spalled or damaged concrete, ensure exposed sound surface.
Ensure that absorbent surfaces such as concrete, brick, stone etc. are saturated surface dry. Prepare bonding slurry consisting of 2 parts cement to 1 part SBR, mixed to a lump free consistency. Using a stiff brush work the bonding slurry well into the damp surface ensuring that no pinholes are visible. Do not apply bonding slurry at thickness in excess of 2mm. If a second coat is necessary, it must be applied after allowing the first coat to 'flash-off'.
It is important that the SBR modified mix is applied to the wet bonding slurry. If the bonding slurry dries, another coat must be applied. The proportions and quantities of sand, cement and SBR differ for particular applications (see mix design).
The strong plasticizing action of SBR allows the water cement ratio to be reduced to a minimum consistency with workability required for application.
Mixing should preferably be carried out in a concrete mixer although hand mixing is permissible where the total weight of the mix does not exceed 25 kg.
Charge the mixer with the required quantity of sand and cement, and premix for approximately one minute. Pour the desired quantity of SBR and mix for 2 to 3 minutes. Finally, add the water little by little, until the required consistency is achieved. Owing to the strong plasticizing properties of SBR, it is best to add the water cautiously as rapid thinning can occur.
It is preferable to cure SBR modified mortars as soon as they are laid to prevent rapid evaporation of water essential for hydration. This can be achieved by using polythene, damp Hessian, or a suitable concrete curing membrane.
SBR is compatible with all types of OPC, sulphate resisting and high alumina cements.
Supply form : White Liquid
Specific gravity : 1.01 at 20oC
Toxicity : Nil
SBR should meet ASTM C -99, Standard Specification for Latex Agents for Bonding Fresh to Hardened Concrete, Type II.
VERTICAL SURFACES (RENDERS)
For renders, it is preferable to apply SBR modified mortars in coats to a maximum thickness of 6mm per coat, as greater thickness can lead to slumping. However, several coats can be applied in fairly rapid succession usually within 15 to 30 minutes. Thicker coatings can be applied provided suitable form-work is used. Close the surface using a wooden float or steel trowel.
HORIZONTAL SURFACES:
Screeds, patches, etc, based on SBR modified cements can be laid to any thickness down to a feather edge. After mixing, the SBR modified mix should be poured over the still wet bonding slurry and struck off. It may then be troweled to the required finish using a wooden float or steel trowel.
Ensure surface is moistened and prepare and apply bonding slurry (see method of application)
Cement 50 Kg; Sand (zone 2) 150 kg and SBR 10 liters.
Add Water to achieve desired consistency (approx.10 L) yield approx. 0.1 Cum
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When preparing or applying mixes follow guides under method of application
Ensure surface is moistened and prepare and apply bonding slurry (See application)
Cement 50 Kg; Sand (zone 2) 150 Kg and IDEAL BOND SBR 15 liters.
Add Water to achieve desired consistency (approx. 5 L) yield approx. 0.1Cum
When preparing or applying mixes follow guides under method of application
Apply bonding slurry to both surfaces. Using 'buttering' techniques apply mortar to slurry coated surface. Brace where necessary.
These mix designs are only suggested mixes to show some applications and uses of SBR.
Typical properties of an SBR modified cement and sand mix in the proportion of 3 parts sand to 1 part cement, are as following:
Compressive Strength 69N/mm2
Tensile Strength 6.5N/mm2
Flexural Strength 13N/mm2
Freeze Thaw Resistance Excellent
Water Vapor Permeability Reduced by 96%
Adhesion Excellent to concrete, steel, brick, glass etc.
Coefficient of Thermal (at-20 to+20oC 12.8 x10-6)
Expansion (at +20 to+60oC 12.9 x 10-6)
Chemical Resistance Resists mild acids Alkalis sulphates, Chlorides, urine, dung,
Lactic acid, sugar etc.
Resistance to water Excellent- no water under pressure-30 penetration Meter-
head
It is characterized by good dielectric properties, compatible with silicone oils, water and solutions diluted with acids, bases and salts
It shows poor resistance to oxygen, ozone, UV radiation and oxidizing agents, unless in the form of a specially formulated compound. It is incompatible with mineral, vegetable and animal oils as well as aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
The operating temperatures are between -45 and +100°C. It shows low resistance to heat and zero resistance to flame, while demonstrating good resistance to the cold, even if the glass transition temperature is -60°C.
Fields of Application:
SBR is primarily used in the tire industry for the production of various parts such as shoulders or tire treads.
In addition to this, there are many other uses including:
SBR ensures finished parts featuring a good balance between wear resistance, wet grip and high workability in the raw form.
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